R1
What Drives Chemical Reactions?
Enthalpy, entropy, and energy cycles: understanding why reactions happen.
R1.1 Measuring Enthalpy
Calorimetry, exothermic and endothermic reactions, Q = mcΔT.
→R1.2 Energy Cycles
Hess's Law, enthalpies of formation and combustion, bond enthalpies.
→R1.3 Energy from Fuels
Combustion of fossil fuels, carbon footprint, biofuels.
→R1.4 Entropy & Spontaneity HL
Entropy change, Gibbs free energy, predicting reaction feasibility.
→Exam Practice
Exam-style questions with mark schemes, examiner tips, and cross-topic links. Each page covers MCQs, data analysis and structured questions.
R1.1 Measuring Enthalpy
12 questions · Calorimetry and temperature changes
R1.2 Energy Cycles HL
14 questions · Hess's Law and Born-Haber cycles
R1.3 Energy from Fuels
10 questions · Fuel comparisons and carbon footprinting
R1.4 Entropy & Feasibility HL
12 questions · Gibbs free energy and temperature effects