Electron-pair Sharing - Organic Mechanisms
Nucleophilic substitution, electrophilic addition, and free radical substitution.
R3.4.1 Free Radical Substitution
Initiation, propagation, termination - the halogenation of alkanes.
→R3.4.2 Nucleophilic Substitution (SN1/SN2)
Curly arrows, leaving groups, and two pathways.
→R3.4.3 Electrophilic Addition
Addition to alkenes - Markovnikov's rule.
→R3.4.4 Electrophilic Addition Reactions
Alkene reactions with electrophiles and mechanisms.
→R3.4.5 Addition Polymers
Formation, common polymers, and environmental impact.
→HL EXTENSION
R3.4.6 SN2 Mechanism
One-step backside attack and inversion of configuration.
→R3.4.7 SN1 Mechanism
Two-step mechanism via carbocation and racemisation.
→R3.4.8 Electrophilic Addition Mechanisms
HBr addition to alkenes and Markovnikov’s rule.
→R3.4.9 Electrophilic Substitution
Nitration and halogenation of benzene.
→R3.4.10 Elimination Reactions
E1/E2 mechanisms and Zaitsev’s rule.
→R3.4.11 Condensation & Hydrolysis
Ester and amide bond formation and breakdown.
→R3.4.12 Organic Oxidation & Reduction
Alcohol oxidation pathways and carbonyl reduction.
→R3.4.13 Reaction Pathways & Synthesis
Multi-step synthesis and retrosynthesis strategies.
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Review key definitions and concepts with interactive flashcards.